In Women

• Ovulation Disorders: Conditions like PCOS or hormonal imbalances.
• Fallopian Tube Blockage: Often caused by infections or endometriosis.
• Uterine Abnormalities: Fibroids or congenital anomalies.
• Age: Reduced egg quality and quantity with age.

In Men 

• Low Sperm Count or Poor Motility: Common causes of male infertility.
• Hormonal Problems: Affecting sperm production.
• Structural Issues: Such as blockages or varicocele.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol, and poor diet.

Diagnosis:

Infertility is diagnosed through various tests, including:

• For Women: Hormonal testing, ultrasounds, hysterosalpingography (to check the uterus and fallopian tubes), and ovulation tracking.
• For Men: Semen analysis to evaluate sperm health, hormone testing, and physical examination.

Treatment Options:

• Medications: To stimulate ovulation or address hormonal issues.
• Surgical Procedures: To correct structural abnormalities.
• Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART):
  • Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Sperm is placed directly in the uterus.
  • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized outside the body and implanted in the uterus.
  • Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected into an egg.